Computational Thinking and Practice — A Generic Approach to Computing in Danish High Schools

Source / author: 
Aarhus University
Country: 
Denmark
Abstract: 

This 2013 paper describes the general Informatics-subject developed for Danish high schools. The curriculum covered was developed in 2009-2010, tested in 2011-2016 and made permanent by a high school reform in 2016 (implemented from 2017 onwards).

'Technology Understanding' (pilot of new Informatics subject in primary / lower secondary education)

Short summary: 

'Technology Understanding' (Teknologiforstaelse) a.k.a. Informatics is a three-year pilot programme of the Danish ministry of Children and Education focused on introducing a 'Technology Understanding' as a new subject in primary and lower secondary education (age 6-16, ISCED level 1 and 2). The new Informatics subject is divided into four interconnected 'areas of competence' (see below). The three-year (2018-2021) pilot will test the introduction of the new subject in two different configurations (as a stand-alone subject and integrated into existing subjects) in around 5% of Danish schools, after which the results of the pilot will be evaluated.

Description and objectives: 

‘Technology Understanding’ (Teknologiforstaelse) a.k.a. Informatics is a three-year pilot programme focused on introducing Informatics as a new subject in primary and lower secondary education (age: 6-16). The goal of this new subject is to develop the critical ability of students to (responsibly) use and shape technology, rather than just consuming it. In the pilot-phase the subject is tested both as an independent subject and as a ‘professionalism’ (integrated in multiple existing subjects including social studies, language and visual arts).

 

The pilot programme and its implementation is coordinated by the Danish ministry for Children and Education. The content of the subject has been prepared by an advisory expert group of around 20 scholars from universities, University Colleges, and ministry learning consultants as well as school teachers. 

 

The ojectives of the subject itself are to develop the students ability to (responsibly) use and shape technology. To achieve this the work done by students in the context of the subject focuses on four interrelated areas of competence:

 

  • Digital empowerment: the ability to critically examine how technology is imbued with values and intentions, and how it shapes our lives as individuals, groups and as a society.
  • Digital design and design processes: the ability to incrementally design digital artefacts with respect to the context of future use
  • Computational thinking: the ability to analyse, model and structure data and data processes
  • Technological competences: knowledge about principled function of computer systems, networks, security, privacy and programming skills

A short video explaining each of the competence areas and related activities can be found via the link above.

 

The objective of the three year pilot-phase is to test the new Informatics subject in two configurations (as a stand-alone subject and through integration in other subjects).

Country: 
Logo or photo: 
Organisation: 
Ministry of Children and Education
Impact: 

The results of the pilot programme (each of the two configurations) will be evaluated after school year 2020-2021. If deemed successful, a political decision will be made regarding the system-wide introduction of the new subject in primary and lower secondary education.

Reach: 

46 primary and lower secondary schools (around 5% of total) participated in the pilot programme, evenly distributed in the two test groups (stand alone subject and integrated in other subjects). The total duration of the pilot was two and a half years. The Danish ministry of Children and Education has offered an extension of of the experimental approval until the school year 2022/23 to the 22 schools that participated in the test-group that introduced Technology Understanding (a.k.a. Informatics) as an independent subject. The goal of this extension is to safeguard and further develop the professional capacity and competencies developed in the pilot. The other test group (subject integrated in other topics) are also allowed to continue, as this approach is not dependent on ministry approval.
 

Budget and funding model: 

The pilot programme is funded and implemented by the Danish ministry for Children and Education

Title (dropdown menu): 
Year start: 
2018
Status: 
data_page_highlighted_yes_no: 
data_page_summary: 

'Technology Understanding' (Teknologiforstaelse) is a three-year pilot programme of the Danish ministry of Children and Education focused on introducing a 'Technology Understanding' as a new subject in primary and lower secondary education (age 6-16). Divided into four interconnected 'areas of competence', the new subject covers everything from responsible use of digital media to programming skills. 

data_page_impact: 

The three-year (2018-2021) pilot will test the introduction of Technology Understanding in two different configurations (stand-alone subject and integrated into existing subjects) in around 5% of Danish schools, after which the results of the pilot will be evaluated.

data_page_icon_programme: 

Malta Foundation for Transport

Under the patronage of the President of Malta the Foundation for Transport was created to facilitate the transition to green technologies in all modes of transport. The foundation was co-founded by five organisations:

 

  • Transport Malta (government regulator of transport)
  • Malta Enterprise (government agency focused on the smooth roll-out of new technologies)
  • Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology
  • Malta Employers Organisation
  • Malta Chamber of SME's (representing micro and small enterprises)

 

The collective goal is to provide aide to companies to change their business models and train (future) employees as well as re-train existing professionals. The Foundation will also contribute to the coordination of existing initiatives including those of the Ministry of Education (e.g. Teen Science Café), award schemes and initiatives focused on boosting women participation in STEM.

 

Transport has a myriad of STEM careers and to this effect, the Foundation is acting as a bridge between the education and industry to train and retrain the employees and identifying possibilities for future generations to work in transport. The foundation also cooperates with European Institute of Innovation and Technology and its Mobility Hub in Malta to enhance further this experience.

 

On a national level, the foundation, together with government, industry and education, is involved in designing campaigns to explain the impact of new technologies in transport on lifestyles, mobility, perceptions, work life balance, clean environment and so on. In other words: explaining on how science can improve our lifestyles.

 

 

Kiezen voor STEM (Dutch only)

Source / author: 
Vlaamse Adviesraad voor Innoveren en Ondernemen (VARIO)
Country: 
Belgium
Abstract: 

Triggered by the shortage of STEM graduates in the Flemish labour market, the Flemih Council for Science and Innovation (VARIO) commissioned this research into trends and developments related to students choosing STEM education. (Dutch title: 'Kiezen voor STEM. De Keuze van Jongeren voor een Technische en Wetenschappelijke Studies').

 

The study has two main objectives: (1) achieve more insight in the trends and figures related to STEM within the Flemish education system, and (2) identify international best practices related to achieving higher numbers of STEM graduates, and identify their success factors. 

 

The report has been particularly influentials because it developed a definition of 'STEM' applicable to the Flemish education system, that differs from the one used in most international publications. This definition forms the foundation of the objectives in the Flemish STEM strategy (STEM-Actieplan 2012-2020) and related monitoring instrument of the Flemish government (STEM-Monitor) (see page 36-37).

Future Ways in Career Orientation and the World of Autonomous Vehicles

Short summary: 

Hungary in recent years has been increasingly confronted with the undesirable phenomenon of young people not being able to study mathematics, science, technical or informatics training, fields in which exist big labour market shortages. The growing demand for professionals is not followed by the student skills. The main objective of the 'Future Ways in Career Orientation and the World of Autonomous Vehicles'-programme (Future Ways) is to increase the number of students that pursue this specialisation in higher education and to promote the mathematics and informatics fields in general.

Description and objectives: 

The objective of the Future Ways-programme is to improve the level of education of young people and to facilitate the transition to higher education in these subject areas. This objective was set by the government, in line with related government strategies for STEM. To support the implementation of the objective, the consortium partners implement a wide range of activites, spanning multiple education levels. These include:

 

  1.  Experience-focused workshops focusing on innovation
  2.  Innovative and interactive roadshows that arouse students’ interest in the profession
  3.  Company visits at leading organizations
  4.  Summer camps with career orientation and skills development modules
  5.  Skills development workshops for the cumulatively disadvantaged
  6.  Organization of open days at the universities
  7.  Training of trainers for staff members
  8.  The preparation and methodological guidelines of curriculum integration

 

The members of the consortium (higher education instituions) took part directly in the activities. For example, iin the design of the high school quiz, where playful yet professional and thought-provoking questions were formulated designed to arouse interest in the topic and technical training. The consortium partners also participated directly in the compilation and implementation of the summer camp program. In the camp, they provided lectures on technical care / engineering t raining, the transport of the future, self-driving and electric vehicles and their effects. The lectures were designed to be understandable for the target age-group. Furthermore, during the one-week camp, students were continuously mentored and participated in teams looking for innovative solutions to future mobility and urban problems. In particular, the interactive presentations and the direct conversation with the students were well-received. Mentors encouraged students by passing on their personal experiences. Students were able to hear first-hand about the courses, new research findings, and opportunities.

Country: 
Logo or photo: 
Organisation: 
Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), MOME, PFA
Impact: 

The impact of the programme was measured primarily by the number of students that particpated (see above). In addition,

 

Reach: 

The consortion organised around 40 events and a staff training have organized almost 40 events and a staff training (50 participants). Around 100 schools were involved during the programs, and more than 1200 students participated at the roadshows and events.

Budget and funding model: 

The funding was originating from the Hungarian Human Resource Development Operative Programme, aiming at the implementation of skills development and communication programs to promote access to higher education and promotion of mathematics, science, technical or informatics subjects in higher education.

 

A consortium of universities and civil organisations were invited to submit project proposals, where some outcomes and KPIs were defined, such as presentation of the teaching portfolio, realisation of roadshows, organisation of experience-oriented professional days and open days at the university, promotion of possible career opportunities, organization of summer schools, trainings for staff members.

Year start: 
2018
Status: 
Year end: 
2020
data_page_icon_programme: 

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